Binding Styles

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Typical Folders

All measurements are in inches.
These are typical folders sizes. Check with your printer to ensure the die lines will work with their
machines.

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Screen Frequency / Resolution

Resolution can be confusing, even for people who have been working in the trade for a long time. This is largely due to the fact that, in digital technology, resolution has to be considered in both the input stage (scan) and the output stage (Imagesetter or laser printer). Understanding these two resolutions is vital to the process of getting high-quality images.

Halftone Spots
Halftone spots are the result of turning off and/or on the dots in a halftone cell. This is how an imagesetter creates variant dot sizes.

Screen Frequency (Line Screen)
The number of rows or Lines Per Inch lines of spots in a halftone image within a given distance (lpi). Screen frequency effects the size and sharpness of the halftone spots the imagesetter will render. Choosing the correct screen frequency will depend on such things as the type of paper it will be printing on and the amount of dot gain expected on the press.

Resolution Specifications

LPI	Imagesetter Resolution
133 LPI	2400 DPI
150 LPI	2400 DPI/3000 DPI
175 LPI	3000 DPI

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Advance Scanning

What makes a good scan? In order to ensure a high quality reproduction, the initial scan must capture as much detail as possible. Check your scan against your original image to ensure that you've maintained as much detail as possible. This can take several rescans. You should also expect to do some tonal manipulation in Photoshop or other image editing program. Tonal manipulation is the key to setting the right contrast, overall tonal range and getting the most detail possible within the limitations presented by the paper and printing choices. See below for the tonal range specifications for specific paper stock types.

Screen Angles
When working with multiple colors that overlap, such as duotones or CMYK, it is necessary to angle the halftone screens. To avoid moire patterns, angle the screen 30 degrees apart.

Tonal Range Specifications

Stock	Shadow Dot	Highlight Dot
Uncoated Stock	80-87%	3-5%
Matte Stock	87-92%	5-7%
Gloss/Dull Stock	92-97%	7-10%

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How to Fix a Stuck Pixel on an LCD Monitor

If your LCD screen has a stuck or dead pixel (a point on the screen that is always lit or always dark), it is usually due to a transistor malfunction or uneven distribution of liquid in the liquid crystal display (TFT LCD). This can often be fixed.

Steps....

Software Method

1. Try running pixel fixing software (see Sources and Citations). Stuck pixels can often be re-energized by rapidly turning them on and off. If this fails, complete the following steps.

Pressure Method

1. Turn off your computer's monitor.
2. Get yourself a damp washcloth, so that you don't scratch your screen.
3. Take a household pen, pencil, screwdriver, or some other sort of instrument with a focused, but relatively dull, point. A very good tool would be a PDA stylus.
4. Fold the washcloth to make sure you don't accidentally puncture it and scratch the screen.
5. Apply pressure through the folded washcloth with the instrument to exactly where the stuck pixel is. Try not to put pressure anywhere else, as this may make more stuck pixels.
6. While applying pressure, turn on your computer and screen.
7. Remove pressure and the stuck pixel should be gone. This works as the liquid in the liquid crystal has not spread into each little pixel. This liquid is used with the backlight on your monitor, allowing different amounts of light through, which creates the different colors.

Tapping Method

1. Turn on the computer and LCD screen.
2. Display a black image, which will show the stuck pixel very clearly against the background. (It is very important that you are showing a black image and not just a blank signal, as you need the backlighting of the LCD to be illuminating the back of the panel).
3. Find a pen with a rounded end. A Sharpie marker with the cap on should be fine for this.
4. Use the rounded end of the pen to gently tap where the stuck pixel is - not too hard to start with, just enough to see a quick white glow under the point of contact. If you didn't see a white glow, then you didn't tap hard enough, so use just slightly more pressure this time.
5. Start tapping gently. Increase the pressure on the taps gradually for 5-10 taps until the pixel rights itself.
6. Display a white image (an empty text document is good for this) to verify that you haven't accidentally caused more damage than you fixed.

Tips....

• If the pressure and tapping don't work directly on the stuck pixel, start moving outward around the stuck pixel. If you see the pixel flicker while doing this then you know where you can focus the pressure and tapping techniques rather than directly on the pixel.
• Many people report success with this technique but these instructions won't work in every case. It may take a few attempts to make sure you are pressing exactly on the stuck pixel.
• These instructions will fix "stuck" pixels, not "dead" ones. Dead pixels appear black while stuck pixels can be one constant color like red, blue or green.
• An alternative, but similar technique involves gently massaging the stuck pixel with a warm damp (not wet) soft cloth.
• Alternative technique to tapping: Using a rounded pencil eraser, push with moderate pressure into screen at stuck pixel.
• If these instructions don't work, you can hopefully get the monitor replaced through your manufacturer. If your monitor falls under the specifications of replacement, get in contact with the manufacturer to set up replacement plans.
  

Warning....

• Do not attempt to open the monitor as it will void the warranty and the manufacturer will not replace it.
• Make sure you don't get any electrical equipment wet or it may break.
• Some people claim that touching the screen can cause more pixels to become stuck, although this has not been proven.

  

• Sub-Pixel Layers
  LCD Displays are composed of multiple layers. Each layer is separated by ve ry small glass spacers. These spacers and the individual layers are very delicate. Rubbing an LCD panel with a finger or even a cloth can cause the spacers to break and cause further issues beyond the original pixel fault. As such most repair technicians with service certifications are trained not to use the rub or tap methods - use them at your own risk.
• Most LCD manufacturer warranties for LCD displays will cover replacement of the panel when the display reaches a certain number of pixel anomalies. These warranties however generally will not cover damage caused by rubbing the screen so use extreme caution and contact the manufacturer before proceeding to see if you qualify for repair or replacement.

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